Well, I have seen issues after a php upgrade for example but it could also happen if the server would have gotten a system update that's why I was wondering if your host possibly has updated server software / php or even mysql trying to rule out the environment with a certain amount of confidence instead of trusting a host being a 100% perfect continiously.
Everybody knows you can have a seemingly perfect running computer until a certain action and all of a sudden errors occur, you guessed it, the RAM is no longer without errors but it still lets you start the computer and do some basic things since errors only occur on memory location x00cb or something. My point, do not make too many assumptions but simply know by checking/asking and be certain.
Anyway let's assume no environment changes or faulty server memory.
1) So with regard to your errors, I assume you have a backup of your system so why not delete maybe 5 countries using Osclass Admin and see if you can enter a new empty country after that. It would logically rule out memory issue or query timeouts, my guess at this moment is that you get the same errors after deleting 5 countries and try to add 1 new empty country again.
I find it hard to believe a nr. of items is causing these errors unless Osclass is loading ALL countries, regions, etc. in memory using classobjects during the whole session and then some but I don't think this is the case. Actually, if it is setup the way I think it is the whole adding of countries/cities is a single action of adding data to the db. Now if the DB has some kind of issue causing php to 'think' that a record is not able to be added errors like timeouts and not enough memory could be a logical effect.
2) So, let's at least make sure you can also with a high amount of certainty rule out any DB issues by doing a trial on error on your DB using phpMyAdmin and see what happens if you try to add a record manually in the country table directly if you still had errors with previous suggestion (delete first then add).
When debuggin go step by step.....start with the base, the server setup/DB then continue the search towards the application.
Since it all seemed to be working just fine till the 23'rd country there's no reason to look for an application error in the first place so start by ruling out the other options first is my advise.
Regards,
Eric